Exposure to 10−4 M tert-butylhydroquinone (t-BHQ), which activates Nrf2-ARE signaling, for 6 h significantly increases ZnT-1, ZnT-3, and ZnT-6 mRNAs levels, and significantly decreases ZnT-10 and ZIP-3 mRNA levels. These changes are not observed with 10−6 M t-BHQ, which does not activate Nrf2-ARE signaling. Furthermore, t-BHQ exposure does not affect metal responsive element transcription, a cis element that is activated in response to intracellular free zinc accumulation. From these results, we believe that the transcription of ZnT-1, ZnT-3, ZnT-6, ZnT-10, and ZIP-3 is influenced by the Nrf2-ARE signal transduction pathway. An Oral Absorbent, Surface-deacetylated Chitin Nano-fiber Ameliorates Renal Injury and Oxidative Stress in 5/6 Nephrectomized Rats M. Anraku R. Tabuchi S. Ifuku T. Nagae D. Iohara H. Tomida K. Uekama T. Maruyama S. Miyamura F. Hirayama M. OtagiriCarbohyd. Polym., Vol.161, pp.21-25201729 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.12.057 In this study, we report that surface-deacetylated chitin nano-fibers (SDACNFs) are more effective in decreasing renal injury and oxidative stress than deacetylated chitin powder (DAC) in 5/6 nephrectomized rats. An oral administration of low doses of SDACNFs (40 mg/kg/day) over a 4 week period resulted in a significant decrease in serum indoxyl sulfate, creatinine and urea nitrogen levels, compared with a similar treatment with DAC or AST-120. The SDACNFs treatment also resulted in an increase in antioxidant potential, compared with that for DAC or AST-120.
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