Yuma ShibamotoBiol. Pharm. Bull.Vol. 40(8), pp.1268-1274DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b17-00154 In the present study, the processes of in vitro and in vivo release in a gelatin capsule formulation model were visualized using a compact magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system with 1.5 T permanent magnets, which is more convenient than the superconducting MRI systems typically used for clinical and experimental purposes. A Gd-chelate of diethylenetriamine-N,N,N',N″,N″-pentaacetic acid, a contrast agent that markedly enhances proton signals via close contact with water, was incorporated into capsule formulations as a marker compound. In vitro experiments could clearly demonstrate the preparation-dependent differences in the release/disintegration of the formulations. When capsule formulations were orally administered to rats, the release of the marker into the stomach and its transit to the duodenum were visualized. These results strongly indicate that the compact MRI system is a powerful tool for pharmaceutical studies. Nrf2-ARE-dependent alterations in zinc transporter mRNA expression in HepG2 cells Takumi ISHIDA () Shinji TAKECHI () PLoS One., Vol. 11 (11), e0166100 201628DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166100 Zinc transporters are solute carrier family members. To date, 10 zinc transporters (ZnTs) and 14 Zrt-, Irt-like proteins (ZIPs) have been identified. ZnTs control intracellular zinc levels by effluxing zinc from the cytoplasm into the extracellular fluid, intracellular vesicles, and organelles; ZIPs also contribute to control intracellular zinc levels with influxing zinc into the cytoplasm. Recently, changes in zinc transporter expression have been observed in some stress-induced diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease and diabetes mellitus. However, little is known regarding the mechanisms that regulate zinc transporter expression. To address this, we have investigated the effect of a well-established stress response pathway, the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-antioxidant responsive element (ARE) pathway, on zinc transporter mRNA levels.
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